What signifies a vulnerability within an information system?

A vulnerability within an information system is best characterized as a threat that could be exploited. This definition emphasizes the inherent weaknesses or gaps in security that could be taken advantage of by malicious actors. Vulnerabilities can arise from various factors, including poor system configurations, unpatched software, or unaddressed security flaws.

Understanding this definition is critical for risk management and cybersecurity practices, as identifying vulnerabilities allows organizations to implement appropriate security measures to mitigate potential threats. By recognizing vulnerabilities, security teams can prioritize remediation efforts and strengthen the overall security posture of the information system.

The other options present different aspects of security. For instance, while the result of a security breach reflects the consequences of a successful exploit, it does not define what a vulnerability is. The likelihood of a threat occurring pertains to risk assessment rather than the nature of vulnerabilities themselves. A failed security measure indicates an ineffective control but does not encapsulate the concept of vulnerability as something that can be exploited. Therefore, defining a vulnerability in terms of an exploitable threat is accurate and relevant within the context of information security.